Usually, some of the open source applications may not function properly as the mod security is enabled on the server. It can be enabled or disabled in both the ways either via .htaccess or from WHM control panel. However its necessary to have ConfigServer ModSecurity Control (cmc) Plugin already installed in your WHM on dedicated server.

In this tutorial we are going to show you Steps to Install ConfigServer ModSecurity Control (cmc) for your WHM:

Step 1: Log in to your dedicated server via SSH using root login.

Step 2: Make sure you download the latest version of ConfigServer ModSecurity Control (cmc) from the following source:

http://www.configserver.com/free/cmc.tgz

Step 3: Untar the GZip’ed Tar format file with the following command:

tar -xzf cmc.tgz

Step 4: Now, change the directory to the extracted folder:

cd cmc/

Setp 5: Simply execute the installer entering the following command:

sh install.sh

Step 6: Once it is installed, you can login to your WHM control panel and scroll to the bottom of the left hand menu and there you will find the “ConfigServer Mod Security”

A computer process refers to a computer program having a unique process identification or also called as PID. Basically, on the Linux operating system, a process may be running in the background, foreground or may be in a suspended state. It might possible that on Linux, the OS shell may not return the prompt to the end-user unless the current process that is running is finished. As a result, many processes that take a substantial amount of time to execute and keep you from utilizing the console until the process is finished running.

The most common issue that arises for Linux users is to kill or background a process so that other tasks are conducted on the system. In order to kill a process a signal has to be sent using the Linux kill command.

How to kill a linux process using “kill” command?

Step One: Enter the below linux command to get the PID for the running process on your system which you want to kill.

ps myProcess

Once you enter the above command it will return with something similar to the following:

PID TTY TIME CMD
1234 dz07 0:50 edit myBook
1235 dz07 0:47 -csh

Step Two: Enter the following linux kill command to terminate the first process mentioned in the example above:

kill -1 1234

Enter the following command to terminate the second active process:

kill -1 1235

Step Three: It is possible that the kill -1 does not work, in such a case, you will need to use the -9 argument to clear the process from your system. Use the following command:

kill -9 1234
kill -9 1235

Step Four: Instead you can also kill all the instances of a given process by using the killall command. Enter as shown below:

killall <pname>

<pname> refer to the process name.

This tutorial is applicable only on VPS or a Dedicated Server, as it requires root access to the server.

Generally, in Linux dedicated servers, there are two different kind of programs running, one which needs user interaction and another which execute tasks without user involvement. The programs that execute tasks in the background are normally known as “services” and “daemons”.

Basically, there are many services required on servers to run the background such as DB Server, Firewall, Web Server, DNS System, Mail Server, etc… Due to these various services, it is very much essential to know the exact procedure of starting, stopping and restarting the services.

The procedure of start, stop and restart the services may change as per the linux distributions. Here in this article we are going to see how to start, stop and restart services in CentOS Dedicated Server.

There are two different methods through which you can start, stop and restart any desired service:

How to Start a Service?

First Method:
/etc/init.d/service-name start

Second Method:
service service-name start

How to Stop a service?

First Method:
/etc/init.d/service-name stop

Second Method:
service service-name stop

How to Check the Status of a Service: (whether it is running or not)

First Method:
/etc/init.d/service-name status

Second Method:
service service-name status

How to restart a service on dedicated server?

First Method:
/etc/init.d/service-name restart

Second Method:
service service-name restart

It might be possible that few services may have extra command settings. To find the available ones, enter:

First Method:
/etc/init.d/rsync [start, stop, reload, force-reload, restart, status]

Second Method:
service rsync

YUM also called as Yellowdog Updater, Modified is a default package management system which is mostly used in all versions of CentOS to install and update packages and repositories. With the help of “yum” a user can maintain their OS and applications updates very easily. In this tutorial, we are going to see how to disable and remove package repositories on CentOS using yum.

Disabling a Package Repository

Usually, the package repositories are located in the definition files, which can be found in the directory named /etc/yum.repos.d . In order to disable the file, you need to modify the proper file and set the below given parameter.

enable = 0

The above parameter will keep the repository, however it will disable it until you decide to use it in future.

Removing the Repository Completely

If you wish to remove the repository completely, simply delete the aforesaid file.

How to Clear the YUM Cache?

Generally, when a package is downloaded, installed and then it is removed there is a possibility that the package may still be memorized in the yum’s cache. In order to clean all the cached packages from the enabled repository cache directory, enter as root:

yum clean packages

In addition to that, to purge the old package information completely, simply run the following command.

yum clean headers

To clean any cached xml metadata from any enabled repository, enter:

yum clean metadata

If you wish to clean all the cached files from any enabled repository at once, enter:

yum clean all

To make sure that YUM has fresh data and functions perfectly all the time, you should “clean” it on a regular basis.

Usually, the backups on cPanel Shared and Reseller Hosting are performed by eUKhost and are basically stored in a recovery point. In order to restore the data (backup) it is essential to access the recovery point and download the backed up data in a form of an archive.

Here in this tutorial, we are going to see how to restore the backups directly to your cPanel account home directory, on the hosting server where you website is hosted.

In order to access the R1Soft Continuous Data Protection (CDP) Web Interface, you will need to log in to your cPanel account.

Step 1: Log in to your cPanel account.

Step 2: Search for the Feature named “R1Soft Restore Backups” and click on it to access the R1Soft CDP log in page.

Step 3: Enter your cPanel account login details to access the CDP web interface.

Step 4: Once you enter the credentials the following page will appear showing you the 7 Recovery Points with cPanel Data.

There are three ways you can restore the data:

1. Restore all Data
2. Restore the Home Directory
3. Restore Specific Files and Folders

Restoring all the Data:

Step 1: Click on the “Send to Agent” (img – Send to Agent Icon) icon located in the right column of the window infront of the recovery point you choose to restore.

Restoring the Home Directory:

Step 1: Simply click on the Browse  icon infront of the recovery point you choose to restore.

Step 2: Select the checkbox shown infront of the home directory as shown in the image below:

Step 3: Now to restore the selected directory, click on the “Send Selected to Agent” button as shown in the image below:

Restoring Specific Files and Folders:

Step 1: Click on the “Browse”  icon to browse the specific files and folders you wish to restore.

Step 2: Double click the home directory to browse the specific files and folders stored in the recovery point.

Step 3: Once you double click the home directory, a new window will appear as shown in the image below:

Step 4: Select the checkboxes infront of the files and folders that you want to restore and hit the “Send Selected to Agent” button as shown in the image below:

Step 5: A new “Archive Control Panel User Data” window will appear upon clicking on the Send Selected to Agent button.

The first page is the Introduction page. Click on the “Next” button at the bottom.

Step 6: This is the Archive Type page, where you will have to select the type of archive in which you want to download the data.

You can either choose to “Dowload files as a tar archive” or you can “Download files as a zip archive”. Upon the selection of the “File Type” click on the Next button to proceed to “Archive Filename” page.

Step 7: Here you can enter the desired file name for the “Archive” you wish to download.

Step 8: Click on the “Next” button to proceed to the “Summary” page.

Step 9: Click on the “Send to Agent” button to restore the specific files and folders as shown in the image above.

The R1Soft CDP Agent will automatically restore the archive to the home directory on the server where the cPanel control panel is installed.

Step 10: Once the archive is restored to the home directory, you can extract the archive and move the files to the desired destination.

By following the above steps you can restore your cPanel Web Hosting and Web Reseller Hosting daily backups successfully.

That’s it! Hope it helps!

When the Backup Configuration Files is Enabled in the WHM, the WHM Backup Feature backs up the following system configuration files and directories:

Configuration Files:

/etc/exim.conf
/etc/exim.conf.local
/etc/exim.conf.localopts
/etc/namedb/named.conf
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/named.conf
/etc/proftpd.conf
/etc/localdomains
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/etc/group
/etc/shadow
/etc/master.passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/fstab
/etc/ips
/etc/ips.remotemail
/etc/ips.remotedns
/etc/reservedips
/etc/reservedipreasons
/etc/quota.conf
/etc/wwwacct.conf
/etc/remotedomains
/etc/rndc.conf
/etc/secondarymx
/etc/my.cnf
/root/.my.cnf
/usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/interchange/interchange.cfg
/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

Directories:

/etc/namedb
/etc/valiases
/etc/proftpd
/etc/vdomainaliases
/etc/ssl
/etc/vfilters
/usr/local/frontpage
/usr/share/ssl
/usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman
/var/lib/rpm
/var/lib/named/chroot/var/named/master
/var/named
/var/cpanel
/var/spool/cron
/var/cron/tabs
/var/spool/fcron
/var/log/bandwidth
/var/ssl
/var/lib/mysql (on RedHat and CentOS)
or
/var/db/mysql (on FreeBSD)

Backing up the system configuration files help a lot, if the system configuration files for your dedicated server gets deleted mistakenly.

Usually, most of the people backup only the account files, however, it is a good to backup your system configuration files and directories as well. In this tutorial we have shown how to backup system configuration files in WHM. We assume that you have already logged in to the WHM.

Step 1: On the main screen, click on the Backup >> Configure Backup

Step 2: On the Configure Backup page “Enabled” the Backup Configuration Files option. (see image below)

That’s it! Now you know how to backup the system configuration files of your dedicated hosting server via WHM Backup Feature.

To know the exact files and folders that are backed up by the WHM Backups check out the following post:

Which Configuration Files are Backed up by the WHM Backup Feature ?

Note: It is recommended to restore the the system configuration files and directories manually.

Most of the beginners are not aware that they can enable and configure the cPanel backups in WHM. In this tutorial we are going to show you how to configure the cPanel backups according your requirements.

Step 1: Log into the WHM for your dedicated server.

Step 2: Find the Backup icon as shown in the image below and simply click on it.

Step 3: Click the Configure Backup icon as shown in the image below.

Once the page reloads it will show you various options with frequency that backup runs and can be configured on this page.

Configure Backup Options:

Backup Status:
Backup Interval:
Backup Retention:
Days to Run Backup:
Remount/Unmount Backup Drive:
Bail Out If Backup Drive Mount Fails:
Incremental Backup:
Backup Accounts:
Backup Configuration Files:
Backup SQL Databases:
Backup Access Logs:
Backup Type:
Remote FTP Host:
FTP Backup User:
FTP Backup Password:
FTP Backup Directory:
FTP Backup Passive Mode:
Backup Destination:
Select Specific Users:

Also, check out the WHM’s Configure Backups Page:

Step 4: Simply, “Enabled” the “Backup Status” and change the settings as per your requirements and hit the “Save” button.

If you own a dedicated server, we recommend you to keep all the three Backup Intervals. Remember that each time you run backups the older instance of that backups interval is removed. By Enabling and Disabling the options you can configure the cPanel Backups in WHM for your dedicated server.

Comparison of Dedicated Server and Cloud Hosting

Q. Can you please help me with making a choice between Cloud Hosting and Dedicated Hosting ?

Ans. Choosing a Dedicated server or a Cloud hosting package purely depends on what you wish to host/run. Our Dedicated server would provide you with complete privacy, while with Cloud Hosting package you would experience high scalability . So if you expect reliability, scalability and redundancy for your website and applications, a Cloud Hosting plan can be a perfect choice.

You may choose between different dedicated servers, but with Cloud, you are not allowed to choose the hardware. Though, with our Cloud package you would get to experience all the features of a Dedicated server.

Q. Why is the Cloud Hosting package priced higher than a Dedicated Hosting plan ?

Ans. A Plain Cloud is much cheaper than our entry level dedicated server ie. £ 33 GBP and £ 55 GBP respectively. But as you go on increasing the resources to the default configuration, the applicable charges get added to it. This is applicable to all the other packages as well.

Q. Can you please explain the working of eUKhost Cloud Hosting ?

Ans. There are multiple benefits that eUKhost Cloud Hosting servers offer over traditional hosting. Each cluster is setup using multiple dedicated servers and SAN storage’s. All servers and storage’s are dual powered for redundancy. In a Cloud only 60% resources of each dedicated server is utilized and just 40% of SAN storage space is used. This is to cover up the chances of an unexpected failure of components in the architecture. If any of the dedicated servers in the cluster goes down, there are enough resources on other servers to occupy all the accounts that are present on the malfunctioned hardware in the same cluster. The in-house architecture is designed in a way where in case of such failures, all the Cloud VM’s are migrated automatically without causing any downtime to any of the sites, yet providing an optimum performance to all of them. We would still be left with enough spare resources to cope with spikes and resource requirements from all the websites hosted over the cluster.

Q. What type of server hardware is used to create a Cloud cluster?

Ans. The server hardware configurations used for setting up a Cloud is such that it would address every need of the users.

Eukhost has partnered with few of the leading brands in the industry such as Dell and Cisco, for offering best-of-the-best performance to the customers.

Specifications of the servers used in a Cloud are as follows :

• Server Hardware : Dells R410 Servers ( Dual Quad Core Intel Xeon X5650, 2.66 Ghz – 6 Core, 12MB cache, 32GB RAM, 2x146GB SAS 15k rpm ) .
• Switches used in Eukhost’s Cloud : Cisco Gig Network Switches.
• Hardware Firewalls : Cisco ASA 5500 series Firewalls.
• SAN Storage : 2 Dell MD3000i SAN’s.

Q. What are the total number of accounts hosted in a Cloud ?

Ans. There is no limit set by us on the number of accounts on Cloud Servers. This is due to the very basic fact that different accounts have different requirements and since the Cloud is a cluster of multiple dedicated servers, availability of resources for each account is not a concern. Having said that, you would get the usable resources what you have paid for. Further, if you purchase a control panel with the Cloud Hosting package, you are granted with an unlimited software license using which you can set up multiple accounts based on your requirements. However, this should not be misunderstood as you are allowed to host infinite accounts under a single Cloud account. Ample resources are offered to set up number of accounts at each package level, but once you reach a certain level of resource usage, you need to consider an upgradation of your currently available resources. The upgrade process is smooth and free of any hassles. Once you pay the difference in the amounts, your account would be set-up based on your requirements hence the time taken for it might vary accordingly.

Q. I have not used a Cloud hosting server before, but have a dedicated server currently. Shall I switch over to a Cloud ?

Ans. If you already are using a dedicated server and are happy with its performance, we would not recommend you to downgrade to a Cloud plan. Despite all the other facts, dedicated servers still hold the top position in the hierarchy. Since you are the only one using the server, you are at a privilege of using it as per your requirements. Unlike Dedicated servers, cloud is based on a shared hosting methodology where multiple dedicated servers are connected in a network and the resources of all are combined together to serve the requirements of websites/applications hosted in it. Complete isolation of each account is maintained hence giving it an upper-hand than shared and VPS hosting solutions.

Q. What are the Differences between Dedicated Hosting and Cloud Hosting ?

Ans. Following is a list of differences between dedicated hosting and Cloud :

• Usually, the dedicated hosting servers are equipped with storage space that is enough for hundreds of websites. But, it involves a large financial investment, only if you are able to match investments with returns, you should opt. for it. Dedicated servers are usually preferred by large businesses having huge requirements.
• Cloud hosting on the other hand offers more-or-less the same features as that of a dedicated server, but are much affordable as the architecture cost is shared between number of accounts set-up in there. Plus you get to choose the resources according to your needs.
• Incase you have a business with specific requirements of hardware or software necessary for the functionality of your website, a dedicated server can be an appropriate choice. But if you do not have any such expectations in particular and are more concerned about the uptime, scalability and reliability, choosing a Cloud hosting package can be the most viable solution to best suffice the needs.

Q. What software do you specifically use for offering a Cloud functionality?

Ans. At eUKhost we use HyperV and VMWare to setup a Cluster of Cloud.

Please click the following link to know more about the VMware versus Hyper V comparison.

Q. What are the OS platforms available over a Cloud ?

Ans. You may choose between Linux and Windows for Cloud Hosting.

The following Linux distros :

• CentOS 5.x
• Debian 5 (cPanel not supported)
• Ubuntu 9.x (cPanel not supported)
• Fedora Core 10

The following are the Windows versions offered with our Windows VMware Cloud

• Window 2008 Standard (32 bit)
• Window 2008 Standard (R2 x64)
• Window 2008 Enterprise (32 bit)

The following is a list of Operating Systems offered with our Windows Hyper-V Cloud

• Windows 2008 Standard Edition (32 bit)
• Window 2008 Standard (R2 x64)
• Window 2008 Enterprise (32 bit)

Note : The default price of the packages would defer with the choice of Operating System.

Q. What are the control panels supported with Cloud Hosting Package ?

Ans. The following table describes the control panels supported with each Cloud Hosting type :

If you wish to to know anything more apart from the information mentioned above, please visit the following pages :

• Cloud Web Hosting QAs
• eUKhost Cloud Hosting Features
• Cloud Servers/Cloud Hosting FAQs

Most of the times, when Installing Hyper-V Role on Windows Server 2008 if the BIOS setting are not done properly it might give you the following errors when you restart the server.

Error One:

Hyper-V launch failed; Either VMX not present or not enabled in BIOS.

Error Two:

Hyper-V launch failed; at least one of the processors in the system does not appear to provide a virtualization platform supported by Hyper-V.

In order to avoid such errors or fix the Hyper-V launch failed error, go through the following steps:

Step 1: Restart the Windows Dedicated Server 2008 and Login into the BIOS.

Step 2: Go to Advanced >> Advanced Processor Options. You will see something like the below image on your computer screen.

Step 3: Make sure the “Intel(R) Virtualization Technology” or “Intel VT” is Enabled in the BIOS settings.

Step 4: Once the Virtualization Technology is Enabled, simply reboot the server.

Once you reboot the server the Hyper-V will start successfully.