A computer process refers to a computer program having a unique process identification or also called as PID. Basically, on the Linux operating system, a process may be running in the background, foreground or may be in a suspended state. It might possible that on Linux, the OS shell may not return the prompt to the end-user unless the current process that is running is finished. As a result, many processes that take a substantial amount of time to execute and keep you from utilizing the console until the process is finished running.

The most common issue that arises for Linux users is to kill or background a process so that other tasks are conducted on the system. In order to kill a process a signal has to be sent using the Linux kill command.

How to kill a linux process using “kill” command?

Step One: Enter the below linux command to get the PID for the running process on your system which you want to kill.

ps myProcess

Once you enter the above command it will return with something similar to the following:

PID TTY TIME CMD
1234 dz07 0:50 edit myBook
1235 dz07 0:47 -csh

Step Two: Enter the following linux kill command to terminate the first process mentioned in the example above:

kill -1 1234

Enter the following command to terminate the second active process:

kill -1 1235

Step Three: It is possible that the kill -1 does not work, in such a case, you will need to use the -9 argument to clear the process from your system. Use the following command:

kill -9 1234
kill -9 1235

Step Four: Instead you can also kill all the instances of a given process by using the killall command. Enter as shown below:

killall <pname>

<pname> refer to the process name.

This tutorial is applicable only on VPS or a Dedicated Server, as it requires root access to the server.

The article would help you with a step-by-step procedure about how to copy a table with phpMyAdmin located within the cPanel control panel.

Step 1 : Log into cPanel

Step 2 : Go to phpMyAdmin and choose the database and the table that you intend to copy

Step 3 : Go to the option titled “Operations” listed amongst the other tabs

Step 4 : Locate the box titled “Copy table to (database,table): ”

Step 5 : There are two options you may choose from ie. either create a copy of the table to the current database (usually gets selected by default) OR copy the table to a different database

Step 6 : Choose the database name from the drop-box and the name of the table to copy the structure and / or data into.

You are required to choose between the following options before proceeding any further :

• Structure only – Selecting this option would only create a copy of the table and its name. You must note that the data wouldn’t be copied in this case.

• Structure and data – Choosing this option would allow you to copy the table along-with its name, but would also copy the data it contains to the destination you choose further in the process ie. INSERT INTO >> SELECT * FROM …
• Data only – Clicking the radio button would only copy the data to the destination.

Furthermore, you are offered the option to choose whether you wish to drop the table that you are copying to before creating the table and copying the data. This runs a DROP TABLE IF EXISTS query for the copy of the table, not the original. You would not notice any change if you’ve chosen data only copy.

Then you’d have the option to choose to copy the auto increment value. This isn’t a default function, and you’d need to check it manually. The auto increment value will end up being whatever it would be after the INSERT INTO query is done. Checking the box would activate the CREATE TABLE syntax which would then include the auto increment value from the original table.

Lastly, you can see the option termed “Switch to copied table ”, as the title suggests you’d be switched over to the copied table once the queries are completed. If you leave it unchecked, the resulting page will still be looking at the original table; if checked it will change to the copied database (if applicable) and table.

YUM also called as Yellowdog Updater, Modified is a default package management system which is mostly used in all versions of CentOS to install and update packages and repositories. With the help of “yum” a user can maintain their OS and applications updates very easily. In this tutorial, we are going to see how to disable and remove package repositories on CentOS using yum.

Disabling a Package Repository

Usually, the package repositories are located in the definition files, which can be found in the directory named /etc/yum.repos.d . In order to disable the file, you need to modify the proper file and set the below given parameter.

enable = 0

The above parameter will keep the repository, however it will disable it until you decide to use it in future.

Removing the Repository Completely

If you wish to remove the repository completely, simply delete the aforesaid file.

How to Clear the YUM Cache?

Generally, when a package is downloaded, installed and then it is removed there is a possibility that the package may still be memorized in the yum’s cache. In order to clean all the cached packages from the enabled repository cache directory, enter as root:

yum clean packages

In addition to that, to purge the old package information completely, simply run the following command.

yum clean headers

To clean any cached xml metadata from any enabled repository, enter:

yum clean metadata

If you wish to clean all the cached files from any enabled repository at once, enter:

yum clean all

To make sure that YUM has fresh data and functions perfectly all the time, you should “clean” it on a regular basis.

How to resolve the issue stating “Site contains both Secure or Non-secure items ” ?

The SSL Certificate issued by Eukhost limited for your domain is capable to cover the entire domain. But if a site consists of images, hyperlinks etc. that aren’t covered under a secure connection ie. has a URL that doesn’t start with https://, then the web-browsers would probably show such a warning message stating “Your website contains both secure and non-secure items.”

In such a case, you must check website codes for any external links that aren’t pointing to locations other that an https.

How To Configure Your MX Records to point to Gmail ?

Inorder to use gmail as your primary email provider for your business website, you are required to get registered with Google Apps. Once done, you must make amendments to the MX records set for your website inorder to use Gmail for business communications.

If you use any of our Linux based cheap hosting UK servers with a cPanel, you’d find an option titled ‘MX Entry‘ in the panel. From there, you can clear all the MX record entries and populate them with the Google Apps Mail MX records as listed below :

Following is a step-by-step procedure to change MX Records and point them to Google Mail :

Step 1 : In cPanel look for the option MX Entry and click it

Step 2 : Select Remote Mail Exchanger

Step 3 : Hit the Change button

Step 4 : In the ‘Add New Record‘ area you must make the following entries with the stated priorities :

This concludes the configuration of MX records to point to Google. It may take 24-48 hours for the propagation.

If you encounter an issue with emails, you may contact our Support Department by either means ie. via. Live Chat or via. Ticketing System. We would be glad to assist you with sorting the issues.

Secure Service Layer (SSL) Certificate FAQs – Continued

Do you offer Secure Seal with the SSL Certificate ?

Only if you have a Private SSL Certificate, you’d be allowed to add a Secure Seal symbol to your webpage. You only need to include a simple Java script into your website, after which the Secure Site Seal would be automatically generated and displayed.

Users must make a note that if you are using a Shared SSL Certificate, you the Secure Site Seal cannot be used on your website.

What are the types of SSL Certificates you offer ?

Following is a brief about the SSL Certs we offer :

• Alpha SSL
• Domain SSL
• Organization SSL
• Alpha SSL Wildcard
• Domain SSL Wildcard
• Organization SSL WildCard
• Extended SSL
  

You may please visit SSL Certificate to get detailed information about the plans, features and pricing.

The domain is hosted with Eukhost, but registered with a different registrar ?

No problem, you can still order an SSL from us. There are certain that you’d be asked to furnish before an SSL is generated for your domain. We would be taking care of its installation.

I don’t find an SSL of my interest being offered by you.

In that case, you may purchase the SSL certificate and give us the details, we will install it for you at no extra cost.

What is the turn-around time for issuance of an SSL ?

Ideally, it should take no longer than sixty minutes. The only delay which may arise is due to a delayed response from you with replying to the email sent by us about SSL Certificate Request. In this email we would expect you to furnish certain details as mentioned below :

- Host to make Certificate for the domain : ( https://www.yourdomain.com OR https://yourdomain.com )
- Country(2 letter Abbreviation):
- Address 1(postal Address):
- State:
- City:
- Zip/Postal Code:
- Company Name:
- Company Division:
- Email:
- Password:

Also, you must create webmaster@yourdomain.com (replace yourdomain.com with the domain name that you want the SSL certificate to be setup ) and provide us with the password so that we can complete the installation process.

Whether to use the domain with or without ‘www’ for installation of SSL Certificate ?

It solely depends on how you’ve configured your website. You may test this by browsing your website, if the url stays at the domain name and doesn’t get redirected to www followed by the domain name and vice-versa, then the SSL must be configured for the URL without ‘www’.

The website cannot be accessed after the installation of SSL

Once an SSL is installed onto your web hosting UK account, it is possible that you might not be able to access your website as you are required to make changes to the DNS of the domains A records.

Its even possible that after the installation, the site might still be resolving with the old DNS settings. Sometime needs to be passed for the DNS propagation and take effect. In the meantime, you may clear the browser’s cache and flush the local DNS.

Does the plans include the cost of Secure Socket Layer (SSL) Certificate?

Yes, every hosting plan comes inclusive of a Shared SSL, you are not required to pay anything extra. All you need to do is send an email to support[@]eukhost.com

While you may choose from a list of Dedicated SSL Certificates that we offer instead.

Can I use a Dedicated SSL for a Sub-domain ?

There is no restriction on using a Dedicated SSL certificate for a Sub-domain. You just need to include the sub-domain when replying to the SSL Certificate Request email which would be sent by us.

Note: A single Standard SSL purchased, can only be installed on a domain OR a subdomain. If you wish to cover them both using a single certificate, a WildCard SSL must be chosen, as explained below.

While, if you’ve placed an order for the WildCard SSL certificate, the sub-domains would be included by default and you need not specify them separately.

Would an SSL installation onto a domain cause an impact on the performance of the website ?

A secure connection at times be a bit slower than an insecure connection, this is due to the encryption/decryption process that is undergone between the server and the browser. This is one of the reason’s why an SSL should be implemented for the pages with crucial information alike the pages that take credit card details, personal information etc. Doing this would avoid causing a negative impact on the overall performance of a website.

Do I need to buy a new Certificate if I upgrade hosting ?

No, there is no need to purchase a different SSL when switching plans. If you upgrade to a Cloud Hosting service or to any other package, the same SSL would be used on the server. Though, you may be asked to pay for the IP address if you are switching between products.

Can I switch the domain name on which an SSL is installed ?

No, that isn’t possible as an SSL is generated for a particular domain and which cannot be used for any other domain name.

If you wish to use it for a different domain, you need to order a new SSL.

The website does not work well after the installation of SSL

That’s normal, you might not get the same performance for a couple of hours as you used to get prior to the installation. This is because, atleast 24-48 hours are required for the propagation of the IP address, once it is successful, your site should regain the functionality as per your expectations.

For any assistance with SSL Certificates, you are requested to come on Live Chat or raise a support request from our Support HelpDesk.

When the Backup Configuration Files is Enabled in the WHM, the WHM Backup Feature backs up the following system configuration files and directories:

Configuration Files:

/etc/exim.conf
/etc/exim.conf.local
/etc/exim.conf.localopts
/etc/namedb/named.conf
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/named.conf
/etc/proftpd.conf
/etc/localdomains
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/etc/group
/etc/shadow
/etc/master.passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/fstab
/etc/ips
/etc/ips.remotemail
/etc/ips.remotedns
/etc/reservedips
/etc/reservedipreasons
/etc/quota.conf
/etc/wwwacct.conf
/etc/remotedomains
/etc/rndc.conf
/etc/secondarymx
/etc/my.cnf
/root/.my.cnf
/usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/interchange/interchange.cfg
/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

Directories:

/etc/namedb
/etc/valiases
/etc/proftpd
/etc/vdomainaliases
/etc/ssl
/etc/vfilters
/usr/local/frontpage
/usr/share/ssl
/usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman
/var/lib/rpm
/var/lib/named/chroot/var/named/master
/var/named
/var/cpanel
/var/spool/cron
/var/cron/tabs
/var/spool/fcron
/var/log/bandwidth
/var/ssl
/var/lib/mysql (on RedHat and CentOS)
or
/var/db/mysql (on FreeBSD)

Backing up the system configuration files help a lot, if the system configuration files for your dedicated server gets deleted mistakenly.

Usually, most of the people backup only the account files, however, it is a good to backup your system configuration files and directories as well. In this tutorial we have shown how to backup system configuration files in WHM. We assume that you have already logged in to the WHM.

Step 1: On the main screen, click on the Backup >> Configure Backup

Step 2: On the Configure Backup page “Enabled” the Backup Configuration Files option. (see image below)

That’s it! Now you know how to backup the system configuration files of your dedicated hosting server via WHM Backup Feature.

To know the exact files and folders that are backed up by the WHM Backups check out the following post:

Which Configuration Files are Backed up by the WHM Backup Feature ?

Note: It is recommended to restore the the system configuration files and directories manually.

Most of the beginners are not aware that they can enable and configure the cPanel backups in WHM. In this tutorial we are going to show you how to configure the cPanel backups according your requirements.

Step 1: Log into the WHM for your dedicated server.

Step 2: Find the Backup icon as shown in the image below and simply click on it.

Step 3: Click the Configure Backup icon as shown in the image below.

Once the page reloads it will show you various options with frequency that backup runs and can be configured on this page.

Configure Backup Options:

Backup Status:
Backup Interval:
Backup Retention:
Days to Run Backup:
Remount/Unmount Backup Drive:
Bail Out If Backup Drive Mount Fails:
Incremental Backup:
Backup Accounts:
Backup Configuration Files:
Backup SQL Databases:
Backup Access Logs:
Backup Type:
Remote FTP Host:
FTP Backup User:
FTP Backup Password:
FTP Backup Directory:
FTP Backup Passive Mode:
Backup Destination:
Select Specific Users:

Also, check out the WHM’s Configure Backups Page:

Step 4: Simply, “Enabled” the “Backup Status” and change the settings as per your requirements and hit the “Save” button.

If you own a dedicated server, we recommend you to keep all the three Backup Intervals. Remember that each time you run backups the older instance of that backups interval is removed. By Enabling and Disabling the options you can configure the cPanel Backups in WHM for your dedicated server.

Comparison of Dedicated Server and Cloud Hosting

Q. Can you please help me with making a choice between Cloud Hosting and Dedicated Hosting ?

Ans. Choosing a Dedicated server or a Cloud hosting package purely depends on what you wish to host/run. Our Dedicated server would provide you with complete privacy, while with Cloud Hosting package you would experience high scalability . So if you expect reliability, scalability and redundancy for your website and applications, a Cloud Hosting plan can be a perfect choice.

You may choose between different dedicated servers, but with Cloud, you are not allowed to choose the hardware. Though, with our Cloud package you would get to experience all the features of a Dedicated server.

Q. Why is the Cloud Hosting package priced higher than a Dedicated Hosting plan ?

Ans. A Plain Cloud is much cheaper than our entry level dedicated server ie. £ 33 GBP and £ 55 GBP respectively. But as you go on increasing the resources to the default configuration, the applicable charges get added to it. This is applicable to all the other packages as well.

Q. Can you please explain the working of eUKhost Cloud Hosting ?

Ans. There are multiple benefits that eUKhost Cloud Hosting servers offer over traditional hosting. Each cluster is setup using multiple dedicated servers and SAN storage’s. All servers and storage’s are dual powered for redundancy. In a Cloud only 60% resources of each dedicated server is utilized and just 40% of SAN storage space is used. This is to cover up the chances of an unexpected failure of components in the architecture. If any of the dedicated servers in the cluster goes down, there are enough resources on other servers to occupy all the accounts that are present on the malfunctioned hardware in the same cluster. The in-house architecture is designed in a way where in case of such failures, all the Cloud VM’s are migrated automatically without causing any downtime to any of the sites, yet providing an optimum performance to all of them. We would still be left with enough spare resources to cope with spikes and resource requirements from all the websites hosted over the cluster.

Q. What type of server hardware is used to create a Cloud cluster?

Ans. The server hardware configurations used for setting up a Cloud is such that it would address every need of the users.

Eukhost has partnered with few of the leading brands in the industry such as Dell and Cisco, for offering best-of-the-best performance to the customers.

Specifications of the servers used in a Cloud are as follows :

• Server Hardware : Dells R410 Servers ( Dual Quad Core Intel Xeon X5650, 2.66 Ghz – 6 Core, 12MB cache, 32GB RAM, 2x146GB SAS 15k rpm ) .
• Switches used in Eukhost’s Cloud : Cisco Gig Network Switches.
• Hardware Firewalls : Cisco ASA 5500 series Firewalls.
• SAN Storage : 2 Dell MD3000i SAN’s.

Q. What are the total number of accounts hosted in a Cloud ?

Ans. There is no limit set by us on the number of accounts on Cloud Servers. This is due to the very basic fact that different accounts have different requirements and since the Cloud is a cluster of multiple dedicated servers, availability of resources for each account is not a concern. Having said that, you would get the usable resources what you have paid for. Further, if you purchase a control panel with the Cloud Hosting package, you are granted with an unlimited software license using which you can set up multiple accounts based on your requirements. However, this should not be misunderstood as you are allowed to host infinite accounts under a single Cloud account. Ample resources are offered to set up number of accounts at each package level, but once you reach a certain level of resource usage, you need to consider an upgradation of your currently available resources. The upgrade process is smooth and free of any hassles. Once you pay the difference in the amounts, your account would be set-up based on your requirements hence the time taken for it might vary accordingly.

Q. I have not used a Cloud hosting server before, but have a dedicated server currently. Shall I switch over to a Cloud ?

Ans. If you already are using a dedicated server and are happy with its performance, we would not recommend you to downgrade to a Cloud plan. Despite all the other facts, dedicated servers still hold the top position in the hierarchy. Since you are the only one using the server, you are at a privilege of using it as per your requirements. Unlike Dedicated servers, cloud is based on a shared hosting methodology where multiple dedicated servers are connected in a network and the resources of all are combined together to serve the requirements of websites/applications hosted in it. Complete isolation of each account is maintained hence giving it an upper-hand than shared and VPS hosting solutions.

Q. What are the Differences between Dedicated Hosting and Cloud Hosting ?

Ans. Following is a list of differences between dedicated hosting and Cloud :

• Usually, the dedicated hosting servers are equipped with storage space that is enough for hundreds of websites. But, it involves a large financial investment, only if you are able to match investments with returns, you should opt. for it. Dedicated servers are usually preferred by large businesses having huge requirements.
• Cloud hosting on the other hand offers more-or-less the same features as that of a dedicated server, but are much affordable as the architecture cost is shared between number of accounts set-up in there. Plus you get to choose the resources according to your needs.
• Incase you have a business with specific requirements of hardware or software necessary for the functionality of your website, a dedicated server can be an appropriate choice. But if you do not have any such expectations in particular and are more concerned about the uptime, scalability and reliability, choosing a Cloud hosting package can be the most viable solution to best suffice the needs.

Q. What software do you specifically use for offering a Cloud functionality?

Ans. At eUKhost we use HyperV and VMWare to setup a Cluster of Cloud.

Please click the following link to know more about the VMware versus Hyper V comparison.

Q. What are the OS platforms available over a Cloud ?

Ans. You may choose between Linux and Windows for Cloud Hosting.

The following Linux distros :

• CentOS 5.x
• Debian 5 (cPanel not supported)
• Ubuntu 9.x (cPanel not supported)
• Fedora Core 10

The following are the Windows versions offered with our Windows VMware Cloud

• Window 2008 Standard (32 bit)
• Window 2008 Standard (R2 x64)
• Window 2008 Enterprise (32 bit)

The following is a list of Operating Systems offered with our Windows Hyper-V Cloud

• Windows 2008 Standard Edition (32 bit)
• Window 2008 Standard (R2 x64)
• Window 2008 Enterprise (32 bit)

Note : The default price of the packages would defer with the choice of Operating System.

Q. What are the control panels supported with Cloud Hosting Package ?

Ans. The following table describes the control panels supported with each Cloud Hosting type :

If you wish to to know anything more apart from the information mentioned above, please visit the following pages :

• Cloud Web Hosting QAs
• eUKhost Cloud Hosting Features
• Cloud Servers/Cloud Hosting FAQs